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Brainteasers Interactive Quiz #26:
METAR, Revisited

The FAA recently released a new update of its "Aviation Weather Services" advisory circular (AC 00-45E). It's not yet in print, but can be downloaded from the FAA's Flight Standards Web site at http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/afs400/. Since this newly-revised AC discusses how to interpret and use coded weather reports, it seemed to AVweb's quizmaster Irv Siegel like a good time to revisit the topic of decoding METARs, which many pilots find to be the most cryptic of those reports. Have a shot at Irv's latest interactive quiz and see whether you need a brush-up on your cryptographic skills.

by Irv Siegel


The questions in this quiz are based on the the FAA's new "Aviation Weather Services" Advisory Circular (AC 00-45E) which can be downloaded free of charge from the FAA/Flight Standards (AFS-400) web site. The URL directly to that page is http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/afs400/. The AC will be available for purchase from the Government Printing Office ... eventually.

To view or print the Advisory Circular as downloaded via the Internet, you must have either Adobe Acrobat (a commercial software package) or the Adobe Acrobat Reader (a free software program) installed on your computer. The free Adobe Acrobat Reader program is available for download from Adobe's web site at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readermain.html.

AC 00-45E, Aviation Weather Services, is published jointly by the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Weather Service (NWS). This document supplements the companion manual AC 00-6A, Aviation Weather, which deals with weather theories and hazards. Advisory circular, AC 00-45E, explains weather service in general and the details of interpreting and using coded weather reports, forecasts, and observed and prognostic weather charts. Many charts and tables apply directly to flight planning and in-flight decisions. It can also be used as a source of study for pilot certification examinations.

Advisory Circular AC 00-45E, dated December 1999, supersedes AC 00-45D, Aviation Weather Services, dated 1995.

AVweb's Interactive Quiz #8 was also based on the interpretation of METAR, but with the publication of the newly revised Advisory Circular, we thought it was time to revisit that topic!


1. Which of the following weather events would NOT meet the criteria for issuing
a. Wind direction changes by 45 degrees or more in less than 15 minutes and the wind
b. RVR changes to above or below 2400 feet.
c. Thunderstorm begins or ends.
d. Volcanic eruption is first noted.
e. Altimeter setting change of plus or minus .05 inches or greater.
speed is 10 knots or more throughout the windshift..


2. In a METAR or SPECI report, how is wind of 120 knots from 160 degrees denoted?
a. 120160
b. 12066
c. 160120
d. 66120
e. 6620
3. What is the meaning of "RAB05E30" in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. Rain and mist obscuring the sky from 500 feet (estimated) to 3000 feet.
b. Reported braking on the runway indicates need for 5% to 30% (estimated) increase in
c. Rabbits reported on runways 5 and 30.
d. It rained for 25 minutes during the period covered by the report.
landing distance.


4. What is the meaning of "SCT///" in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. There are scattered clouds at various levels up to 300 feet AGL.
b. There are scattered clouds at various levels up to 3000 feet MSL.
c. There are scattered clouds at various levels up to 3000 feet AGL.
d. There are scattered clouds below the elevation of the reporting station.
5. What is the meaning of "VIRGA NE" in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. A Virgin Atlantic pilot reported no (radar) echoes.
b. Precipitation is falling from a cloud but evaporating before reaching the ground,
c. Visibility for Instrument-Rated General Aviation pilots is Not Established.
d. Lighter-than-air aircraft reported no (radar) echoes.
northeast of the airport.


6. In a METAR or SPECI report, how is a temperature of three degrees below zero Celsius
a. -3
b. -03
c. (3)
d. (03)
denoted?


e. M3
f. M03
7. What is the meaning of "LTGICCG" in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. Light icing reported by general aviation aircraft.
b. Low trough generating icing in clouds.
c. Lightning in-cloud and cloud-to-ground.
d. This is not a standard METAR abbreviation, and is probably a misprint.
8. What is the meaning of "MIFG" in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. Shallow fog
b. Information regarding fog is missing.
c. Mixed fog and clear areas.
d. The entire state of Michigan is covered with fog.
9. What is the meaning of "SLPNO" in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. The cloud layer is sloping to the north.
b. Sea-level pressure not available.
c. Light snow in the Oklahoma panhandle.
d. Slight probability of northerly obscuration.
10. What is the abbreviation for drizzle in a METAR or SPECI report?
a. L
b. DL
c. Z
d. D
e. DZ

If you enjoyed taking this interactive quiz and would like to see more like it, please let us know. And if you thought it was unfair, confusing, or a waste of time, we'd like you to tell us that, too. And if you have an idea for a subject that you think would make a good future Brainteaser quiz, be sure to let us know.

Return to the AVweb Brainteasers page.






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If you enjoyed taking this interactive quiz and would like to see more like it, go to the AVweb Brainteaser page. And if you thought it was unfair, confusing, or a waste of time, we'd like you to tell us that, too. And if you have an idea for a subject that you think would make a good future Brainteaser quiz, be sure to let us know.

Return to the AVweb Brainteasers page.

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